Multi-resolution based PID controller for frequency regulation of a hybrid power system with multiple interconnected systems

Automatic generation control (AGC) in modern power systems (PS) is difficult because the output of many resources intermittent, and load system parameters vary widely. In this paper, a novel scheme known as wavelet based multiresolution proportional integral derivative (MRPID) controller for multiple interconnected hybrid sources presented. The discrete transform (DWT) used proposed MRPID to split error between actual target responses into different frequency components at several stages. To ensure optimum performance, gains are fine-tuned using Fox Optimizer Algorithm (FOA), new powerful metaheuristic technique. evaluated three-area where each area contains combination conventional (gas, thermal reheat hydro) renewable (solar, wind). also accounts non-linearities, including boiler dynamics, time delay, dead band, rate limitation, uncertainties, changes. studied, compared with FOA-tuned PID PI controllers. tuned FOA algorithm effectively reducing peak overshoot 89.03%, 76.89 56.96% undershoot 69.52%,66.90 94.29% ∆P tie12, tie23 tie13 respectively controller.